Head of a Young Man Later Roman Portrait - 1043 Words

Standing at a small, but significant ten inches, this sculpture is reminiscent of the late Roman portraiture style, but delving into the symbolic expression of the early Byzantine provincial portraiture period. This portrait is from the fifth century, estimated sometime from 400-420 AD. Originally from Syria, Asia by an unknown artist, it currently is held at the Minneapolis Institute of Arts and credited to The Putnam Dana McMillan Fund. The elements within this portrait all are noteworthy in the sculpture contributing toward the creation of this artwork. This piece with will be analyzed first from a general overview and then the features moving from the top then moving to the base of the portrait. Due to the Head of a Young Man not being on display, this analysis will be solely from a picture. The portrait is made of sandstone and like its namesake is the golden tan color of sand. There are damaged, fractured and scraped areas on the surface of the front facing sculpture. There is a gradient of tones within this hue. The style is very smooth and idealized unlike the realist Roman verism. The simplified features are large and emphasized on the face. The features are very soft looking due to the smooth curves of the face. The individual elements of the portrait are all very soft curved as well as deep defining shadowed areas of the face. The top of this sculpture is clearly the hair of the portrait. The head is rounded due to the volume of the hair. The hair is thickerShow MoreRelated Greek And Roman Art Essay1875 Words   |  8 Pagesconsisted of three distinct parts: theatron (viewing place) for spectators, orchestra (dancing place) where the chorus and actors performed; and a later addition, a skene (scene building), which provided a scenic backingquot; (Butler 30). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The theatron was the place where the audience sat. At first the spectators sat on the ground, later on wooden bleachers and finally on tiers of stone seats which followed the circular shape of the orchestra and the natural contours of theRead MoreAugustan Art and Propaganda Essay1964 Words   |  8 Pageshis death, a large portion of the empire was handed down to his adopted son, Gaius Octavian. From the ashes of his father, Octavian was able to build an Empire unparalleled. Later, the name Augustus was given to him by Senate. Augustus ostensibly maintained the form of the Roman Republic while in actuality creating the Roman Empire. He introduced the administrative reforms that led to the Pax Romana with its flourishing of trade and the arts. Although Augustuss ascension to power could have notRead MoreLeonardo Da Vinci And The Renaissance Period1455 Words   |  6 PagesVitruvian Man. Leonardo was able to leave his signature and symbol of great arts down t o many centuries and proved himself once to be one of the world’s greatest painter. Considered to be one of the greatest and indisputably, the most recognizable painting in the world, the Mona Lisa had captured the heart and interest of many generations. The Italian Leonardo is well known for his genius but perhaps the most well-known of his works is found in the Mona Lisa smile. The Mona Lisa is a portrait oil paintingRead MoreThe Coronation Of The Virgin1513 Words   |  7 Pagesone of the few German Renaissance altarpieces that still have the side panels intact. Although it has a later frame, Linda Muehlig, associate director of curatorial affairs at Smith College Museum of Art, affirms that, â€Å"a technical analysis of the wood of the side panels showed that they were cut from the same tree as the center panel, refuting the theory that they might have been added later.† (SCMA) In this work, Bruyn unifies late Gothic tradition with northern Renaissance elements, creating aRead MoreEssay on James Joyce1722 Words   |  7 Pages1900s. Later works, revea l a man in all his complexity as an artist and in family aspects. Joyce is known for his style of writing called quot;stream of consciousnessquot;. Using this technique, he ignored ordinary sentence structure and attempted to reproduce the ramblings of the human mind. Many of his works were influenced by his life in Ireland as an artist. He was influenced by three main factors in his life, his childhood and parents, his homeland of Dublin, Ireland, and the Roman CatholicRead MoreArt History7818 Words   |  32 PagesRefined tools o Spears, Bows and Arrows • Domesticated Animals o Hallmark of luxury, stability, and permanence • Pottery Ââ€" clay art o Bowls and containers o Exquisite decoration • Aesthetics Ââ€" the love of beauty, the need for beauty o Separates man from the animals o Civilization #61607; Around 5,000BC #61607; Literacy • Writing and reading #61607; Urban Life • Division of labor Ââ€" farmers, merchants, kings, priest, etc. #61607; Organized Religion • Before civilization, there wasRead MoreAthena: The Goddess of War and Skill907 Words   |  4 Pagesdefending herself with her shield; she is often seen with a shield or a spear. Athena is the Greek virgin Goddess of war, arts, and literature. Athena was born out of Zeus’s head full grown as well as in full armor. There are many variations of Athena’s birth, for example, one of them says that Hephaestus split open the head of Zeus with an ax to ease the birth. In some instances of this myth, Prometheus or even Hermes is a helper in the birth. She is very brave and fierce in battle but only onesRead MoreMascots : It s More Than Mascot Status1678 Words   |  7 PagesMore Than A Mascot â€Å"It s more than mascot status. It s hero worship.† by David Young. Throughout history, people has used mascot to instill inspiration and fear toward an idea. Mascots image has been utilized to impart spark and dread to our thoughts. The Egyptians had their Pharaoh, the Greek Olympians had the Gods, and Roman Gladiators used brute and strength to flare up the crowd’s attention. This quote by David Young was simply signifying the main ideas behind an organizational mascot. It s moreRead MoreMichelangelo, A Biography Essay1536 Words   |  7 PagesMarch 6, 1475. He lived almost a full century and died on February 18, 1564; he was still working six days before his death. During his life, the western world underwent what was perhaps the most remarkable period of change since the decline of the Roman Empire. The Renaissance saw changes in all aspects of life and culture, with dramatic reforms sweeping through the worlds of religion, politics, and scientific belief. Michelangelo was one of the advocates of this new philosophy, while creating someRead MoreRenaissance And Realism Of Arts Essay2282 Words   |  10 PagesCONCEPTS, METHODS, MODES IN THE HUMANITIES Two arts periods: Renaissance and Realism of Arts Introduction Jacob Burckhardt was an Italian historian who had developed the notion of the Renaissance, which meant ‘Rebirth’. It united the Greco-Roman civilization during the ancient times marking the beginning of a completely new era between 1350C.E. and 1550C.E. The Renaissance resulted in the birth of modern society concerned with the revival of antiquity and exaggerated secularism without identifying

The Failed Experiment that Was Prohibition Essay - 689 Words

Prohibition In the 1920s, the 18th Amendment banned a persons right to manufacture and purchase liquor. Banning the transportation, manufacture,and sale of â€Å"intoxicating† beverages was known as prohibition, the most controversial law of that century. Prohibition was strongly supported by the government and women in America that were being abused. Important groups of that time being the â€Å"Dry’s† and the â€Å"Wet’s†. Opponents of prohibition consisted of men who felt that they deserved the right to drink liquor. Owners of saloons, breweries.etc†¦, these people were called the â€Å"Wet’s†. Prohibition lasted for nearly 14 years ending on December 5th, 1933; Prohibition didn’t stop drinking: it just pushed it secretly underground. It created†¦show more content†¦During Prohibition, underground speakeasies were in cities throughout the U.S. One estimate says that for every legitimate bar that closed during Prohibition, six speakeasies opened in their place. Prohibition was an experiment gone wrong, a legal disaster, and infringement on the rights of the constitution. One of the rights that you get by being in America is the freedom, which includes the freedom to choose what people eat, drink, where they choose to go, what they wish to wear, and whatever they want to do. Many members of society including religious groups, most women, some government officials, and large organizations, such as the Klu Klux Klan (KKK), strongly believed that alcohol was responsible for many of society’s ills and crimes. It was thought that men would spend the family money drinking at saloons just to return home and abuse their families. Some communities felt so strongly that prohibition would end crime, they sold their jails on the eve of prohibition. Supporters of prohibition began to gather in large groups in the early 1920s, although they must have realized that prohibition was not working as they had planned. Although alcohol may have been a factor with many men, it does not seem fair to blame a familys financial status or domestic abuse on the entire nation. There are similar problems in the world, such as mental illness, drug abuse, and many other criminal activities that society deals with accordingly , it is unfair to completelyShow MoreRelatedCauses and Consequences of Alcohol Prohibition1399 Words   |  6 PagesProhibition and other substance bans have a long history in the United States dating back to the late 19th century. Cohen (2006) believed the root cause for drug-prohibition movement, including alcohol, derives from race. In the era of mass US immigration, Chinese, Mexicans, Black Africans, and European denominations, posed a democratic threat to White â€Å"native† Americans. White Racial fears amplified the moral problem of drug use to the Protestant Church by associating drugs with individual racialRead MoreAlcohol Consumption And Underage Drinking1561 Words   |   7 Pagesoppose the use of alcohol have made several failed attempts to put restrictions on its production, sales, and consumption. This dates back to the late 1700’s, starting with the Whiskey Rebellion, followed by the Temperance Movement in the early 1800’s, and subsequently by the more renowned era of Prohibition, which started when the Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was passed in 1919. Alcohol was banned for almost 14 years during Prohibition, but was repealed with the passing of the 21st amendmentRead More absolut Failure Essay1685 Words   |  7 Pages1920’s was a time of major social change in the United States. The social changes during this period are reflected in the laws and regulations that were implemented. One of the most prominent examples of this was prohibition. The 18th Amendment to the Constitution, or the Volsted act as it is also know, was implemented to eliminate the use of alcohol in the United States. In doing this, the advocates of prohibition hoped to also eradicate the social problems associated with alcohol. â€Å"It was an attemptRead MoreThe Prohibition Of Alcohol During The 1920s1318 Words   |  6 Pageseradicated the alcohol industry: the manufacturing, distribution, and selling of liquor was now illegal. This so-called prohibition, which occurred alongside similar events in the U.S., was supposed to greatly improve society by eliminating the source of all of its evils – drunkenness – but instead was one of the greatest political blunders in North American history. Canada’s prohibition of alcohol in the 1920s was a catastrophic failure, giving rise to organized crime and a lasting mindset of subversivenessRead MoreProhibition and Repeal 18th 21st Amendments766 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish III Honors Period 4 Prohibition Prohibition was the eighteenth amendment. It prohibited the production and consumption of alcoholic beverages. People would have never thought of excoriating alcohol until the 19th century (Tyrrell 16). During this time widespread crime and dismay arose. Some beneficial things did come out of this period of chaos such as women were able to prove themselves as people their temperance movements. During this time many things happened that led toRead MoreEssay on Herbert Hoover1312 Words   |  6 PagesHerbert Hoover Herbert Hoover called it a noble experiment. Organized crime found it to be the opportunity of a lifetime. Millions of Americans denounced it as an infringement of their rights. For nearly 14 years—from Jan. 29, 1920, until Dec. 5, 1933--the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages was illegal in the United States. The 18th, or Prohibition, Amendment to the Constitution was passed by Congress and submitted to the states in 1917. By Jan. 29, 1919, it had beenRead MoreThe Negative Impact of American Prohibition1632 Words   |  7 Pagesofficially was put into play. â€Å"The 18th amendment made the manufacture, transportation, import, export, and sale of alcoholic beverages restricted or illegal, this was also called the Prohibition era.† (Scott, Robert.) Many people called this time â€Å"The Roaring Twenties† and the â€Å"Jazz Age†, new music appeared, along with new dances and a new and exciting era for women. Also, a general relaxa tion of standards after the stressful years of WWII. (Prohibition.) Prohibition in the 20’s was also calledRead MoreProhibitionin the Twenties1600 Words   |  7 PagesProhibition In the roaring twenties the idea of a dry age was crossing the minds of many citizens in the states. During this time, the economy was starting to boom. As society was booming, the temperance movement started to cause problems in the system. Most people went along with the idea that drinking was bad and needed to be put to an end but they still wanted to drink. Other problems are brought up about all of the job loss that this prohibition would cause. Prohibition was created to reformRead More Prohibition Essay1593 Words   |  7 Pages Prohibition nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Throughout history, the need and presence of governing forces have always existed. Governments, by the use of legislation, make choices in the best interest of the people. The Nineteenth Century was popular for the great amounts of alcohol that the average person consumed. Such popularity spawned and entire social movement against alcohol. This movement was called the Noble Experiment. Although it failed to directly ban alcohol, the movement contributedRead MoreDuring the late 19th century and early 20th century the United States saw many political reforms1100 Words   |  5 Pagesduring the time prior Prohibition drank almost seven gallons of pure alcohol a year. Prohibition was a period of time in which the average citizen broke the law because alcohol was a major part of citizens’ lives and the restrictions on the sale, transportation, and manufacturing of alcoholic beverages illegal. The urbanized North and Midwest were against Prohibition and t he rural West and South supported the ban of alcohol. Even though that the issue of Prohibition was a regional issue across

Performance Development Plan Free Essays

Introduction This development plan will focus on the characteristics of my learning team as well as my personal characteristics as their leader. This plan will allow me to assess the needs of my learning team as well as the ability to hone in on their strengths, areas for improvement, and resources needed to help them reach their career goals. This development plan will also allow me to determine how my leadership style will impact the success of the team and give me the ability to adapt to different behavioral styles by reviewing each individual DISC Platinum Rule – Behavioral Style Assessment. We will write a custom essay sample on Performance Development Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now Personal and Individual Team Characteristics Personal Characteristics Based on the DISC Platinum Rule – Behavioral Style Assessment that both my learning team and I completed, we fall into three major categories – Interactive, Dominance, and lastly Cautious Styles. In my personal assessment I was categorized primarily as Interactive in style and traits. Based on this knowledge my primary style includes persuading, motivating, and entertaining others; whereas the assessment states my growth areas include attention to detail, short attention span, and low follow-through. The main focus or priority for me is people and being interactive, busy, and personal in the workplace setting. Individual Team Characteristics Two of the team members, besides me, were also characterized as Interactive – â€Å"The Impresser†. Some additional characteristics in this category include wanting to achieve results with flair, judging people by their ability to make things happen, working harder when bigger risks or rewards are at stake, prefer to share in work and goals with people, wanting to do things the ‘best’ way, and become restless, short-tempered, lashing out when under pressure. Two team members had the Dominance Style traits which include individuals being time-sensitive, organized, and to the point. The Dominance Style is driven by two governing needs: the need to control and the need to achieve. The D Styles are goal-oriented go-getters who are most comfortable when they are in charge of people and situations. They want to accomplish many things now, so they focus on no-nonsense approaches to bottom-line results. The Dominance Styles seek expedience and are not afraid to bend the rules. They figure it is easier to beg forgiveness than to ask permission. The D Styles accept challenges, take authority, and plunge headfirst into solving problems. They take charge in a crisis. They are fast-paced, task-oriented, and work quickly and impressively by themselves, which means they become annoyed with delays. They are willing to challenge outdated thinking and ideas. Lastly, one team member had the Cautious Style traits which include analytical, persistent, systematic people who enjoy problem solving. They are detail-oriented, which makes them more concerned with content than style. The C Styles are task-oriented people who enjoy perfecting processes and working toward tangible results. They are almost always in control of their emotions and may become uncomfortable around people who are very out-going, e. g. , the Interactive Styles. Strengths and Growth Opportunities of Behavioral Styles Strengths Interactive Style leaders’ primary strengths are their enthusiasm, persuasiveness, and sociability. Dominance Style leaders’ primary strengths are accepting challenge, ability to take authority, and go head first into solving problems. They have an ability to get things done and their decision making skills are very high. Cautious Style leaders’ primary strengths are their accuracy, dependability, independence, follow-through and organization. Growth Opportunities Growth Opportunities for the Interactive Style of Behavior are broken into two categories with tasks and with people. Interactive Styles tend to underestimate the time and effort required by themselves or others to accomplish tasks. They also tend to be impatient, primarily when they are stressed or under pressure. Growth opportunities for the Dominance Style of Behavior include being broadening their perspectives. They need to learn to be effective outside of their comfort zone by considering different points of view and other ways to achieve their goals. Growth opportunities for the Cautious Style of Behavior include being more attentive to details and timely follow-through. Curiosity of these leaders may lead to digressions while at work. These leaders are found to be intense by nature and tend to be impatient with themselves and others, especially when things aren’t going well. Development Plan for Each Behavioral Style Development Plans for the Team based on Behavioral Style Interactive Style Development Plan In order for Interactive Style leaders to be successful they need to be more selective about tasks that they take on and not be afraid or hesitate to ask others for help. When dealing with others they need to learn how to relax and enjoy regular recreation to ensure that they can handle their reactions in a proper manner to stress. Delegating tasks instead of taking everything on, asking for assistance on projects while coaching staff, will allow them to grow in their organizations, while still feeling like they are in the know. Not only will this allow and them to focus on other opportunities they are developing their staff. In order to be successful in the work environment they need to prioritize, organize, see tasks through completion, and write things down. As their leader, I will show them that I admire their hard work and accomplishments, support their feelings when possible, interact with them, support their ideas and show them my positive side. Being that I am an Interactive Style leader this will come naturally to me in dealing with other leaders of this style in my group. Dominance Style Development Plan In order for these leaders to be successful they need to consider viewpoints of others and look outside the box for other ways to achieve goals. These leaders would benefit from being flexible in their decisions and this would help them solve problems more creatively. This not only allows for the leader to grow, but also develops more trust in the associates they are leading. As their leader I can provide precise data on projects that they are working on, allow them to work independently and do things within their limits, look for opportunities to modify their work-load focus, and allow them to take the lead. Being that both this style and the Interactive style both preferring faster pace we will get along well with pacing the workflows. Cautious Style Development Plan For Cautious Style leaders to be successful they need to learn to pace themselves. Taking time-outs during the workday may help allay their natural intensity. They need to remain positive when dealing with situations and people under pressure. If they are able to control their thoughts and emotions in such cases, then they can use their creativity to discover workable solutions. These leaders will benefit from staying focused on key priorities, sorting out tasks, outline expectations for associates, and allow others to take control of projects. This will not only allow the leader to balance their growth opportunities but will also allow their associates to gain more trust in the leader. As their leader, when I approach them for questions or projects I will ask them in a direct manner, show reasoning, provide explanations in writing, compliment them on their thoroughness, and ask tactfully how I may assist them if needed. Conclusion In conclusion, after reviewing each individual assessment of my learning group as well as my personal assessment through the DISC Platinum Rule Behavioral Style Assessment, I have been able to review how each Style has their own strengths and weaknesses, and how to create a professional performance plan on helping each team member to be successful in their organization. The assessment has allowed me to have a better understanding of different behavioral characteristics as well as my own personal traits, strengths, and weakness. This will give each of us the ability to balance, adapt, and grow in our roles within our organizations. How to cite Performance Development Plan, Papers

Critical Thinking and Nursing free essay sample

To think like a nurse requires that we learn the content of nursing; the ideas, concepts and theories of nursing and develop our intellectual capacities and skills so that we become disciplined, self-directed, critical thinkers. Critical thinking is the disciplined, intellectual process of applying skilful reasoning as a guide to belief or action (Paul, Ennis amp; Norris). In nursing, critical thinking for clinical decision-making is the ability to think in a systematic and logical manner with openness to question and reflect on the reasoning process used to ensure safe nursing practice and quality care (Heaslip). Critical thinking when developed in the practitioner includes adherence to intellectual standards, proficiency in using reasoning, a commitment to develop and maintain intellectual traits of the mind and habits of thought and the competent use of thinking skills and abilities for sound clinical judgments and safe decision-making. Intellectual Standards for Reasoning Practitioners in nursing who are critical thinkers value and adhere to intellectual standards. Critical thinkers strive to be clear, accurate, precise, logical complete, significant and fair when they listen, speak, read and write. Critical thinkers think deeply and broadly. Their thinking is adequate for their intended purpose (Paul, Scriven, Norris amp; Ennis). All thinking can be examined in light of these standards and as we reflect on the quality of our thinking we begin to recognize when we are being unclear, imprecise, vague or inaccurate. As nurses, we want to eliminate irrelevant, inconsistent and illogical thoughts as we reason about client care. Nurses use language to clearly communicate in-depth information that is significant to nursing care. Nurses are not focused on the trivial or irrelevant. Nurses who are critical thinkers hold all their views and easoning to these standards as well as, the claims of others such that the quality of nurses thinking improves over time thus eliminating confusion and ambiguity in the presentation and understanding of thoughts and ideas. Elements of Reasoned Thinking Reasoning in nursing involves eight elements of thought. Critical thinking involves trying to figure out something; a problem, an issue, the views of another person, a theory or an idea. To figure things out we need to enter into the thinking of the other person and then to comprehend as best we can the structure of their thinking. This also applies to our own thinking as well. When I read an author Im trying to figure out what the author is saying; what problem or issue the author is addressing, what point of view or frame of reference he is coming from, what the goal or purpose is of this piece of writing, what evidence, data or facts are being used and what theories, concepts, principles or ideas are involved. I want to understand the interpretations and claims the author is making and the assumptions that underlie his thinking. I need to be able to follow the authors lines of formulated thought and the inferences which lead to a particular conclusion. I need to understand the implications and consequences of the authors thinking. As I come to understand the author in-depth I will also begin to recognize the strength and weakness of his reasoning. I will be able to offer my perspective on the subject at hand with a clear understanding of how the author would respond to my ideas on the subject. The Elements of Thought All thinking, if it is purposeful, includes the following elements of thought (Paul, 1990). 1. The problem, question, concern or issue being discussed or thought about by the thinker. What the thinker is attempting to figure out. 2. The purpose or goal of the thinking. Why we are attempting to figure something out and to what end. What do we hope to accomplish. 3. The frame of reference, points of view or even world view that we hold about the issue or problem. 4. The assumptions that we hold to be true about the issue upon which we base our claims or beliefs. 5. The central concepts, ideas, principles and theories that we use in reasoning about the problem. 6. The evidence, data or information provided to support the claims we make about the issue or problem. 7. The interpretations, inferences, reasoning, and lines of formulated thought that lead to our conclusions. 8. The implications and consequences that follow from the positions we hold on the issue or problem. When nurses reason they use these elements of thought to figure out difficult questions and recognize that their thinking could be flawed or limited by lack of in-depth understanding of the problem at issue therefore, they critically monitor their thinking to ensure that their thinking meets the standards for intellectual thought. In summary, as a critical thinker, I am able to figure out by reading or listening critically what nurse scholars believe about nursing and on what basis nurses act as they practice nursing. To do this I must clearly comprehend the thinking of another person by figuring out the logic of their thinking. I must comprehend clearly the thinking of myself by figuring out my own thoughts on the subject at hand. Finally, I must use intellectual standards to evaluate my thinking and the thinking of others on a given problem such that I can come to a defensible, well reasoned view of the problem and therefore, know what to believe or do in a given circumstance. To do this I must be committed to developing my mind as a self-directed, independent critical thinker. I must value above all else the intellectual traits and habits of thought that critical thinkers possess. Intellectual Traits and Habits of Thought To develop as a critical thinker one must be motivated to develop the attitudes and dispositions of a fair-minded thinker. That is, one must be willing to suspend judgments until one truly understands another point of view and can articulate the position that another person holds on an issue. Nurses come to reasoned judgments so that they can act competently in practice. They continually monitor their thinking; questioning and reflecting on the quality of thinking occurring in how they reason about nursing practice. Sloppy, superficial thinking leads to poor practice. Critical inquiry is an important quality for safe practice. Nurses must pose questions about practice and be willing to attempt to seek answers about practice. Nurses must be willing to attempt to seek answers to the difficult questions inherent in practice, as well as the obvious. Question posing presupposes intellectual humility and a willingness to admit to ones areas f ignorance as well as, intellectual curiosity and perseverance and willingness to seek answers. Critical thinkers in nursing are truth seekers and demonstrate open-mindedness and tolerance for others views with constant sensitivity to the possibility of their own bias. Nurses who are critical thinkers value intellectually challenging situations and are self-confident in their well reasoned thoughts. To reason effectively, nurses have developed skills and abilities essential for sound reasoning. Critical Thinking Skills and Abilities Critical thinkers in nursing are skilful in applying intellectual skills for sound reasoning. These skills have been defined as information gathering, focusing, remembering, organizing, analyzing, generating, integrating and evaluating (Registered Nurses Association of British Columbia, 1990). The focus of classroom and clinical activities is to develop the nurses understanding of scholarly, academic work through the effective use of intellectual abilities and skills. As you encounter increasingly more complex practice situations you will be required to think through and reason about nursing in greater depth and draw on deeper, more sophisticated comprehension of what it means to be a nurse in clinical practice. Nursing is never a superficial, meaningless activity. All acts in nursing are deeply significant and require of the nurse a mind fully engaged in the practice of nursing. This is the challenge of nursing; critical, reflective practice based on the sound reasoning of intelligent minds committed to safe, effective client care. To accomplish this goal, students will be required to reason about nursing by reading, writing, listening and speaking critically. By doing so you will be thinking critically about nursing and ensuring that you gain in-depth knowledge about nursing as a practice profession. Critical Thinking a Holistic Approach Critical Listening: A mode of monitoring how we are listening so as to maximize our accurate understanding of what another person is saying. By understanding the logic of human communication that everything spoken expresses point of view, uses some ideas and not others, has implications, etc. critical thinkers can listen so as to enter empathetically and analytically into the perspective of others. Critical Thinking: 1) Disciplined, self-directed thinking which implies the perfection of thinking appropriate to a particular mode or domain of thinking. 2) Thinking that displays master of intellectual skills and abilities. 3) The art of thinking about your thinking while you are thinking in order to make your thinking better: more clear, more accurate, or more defensible. Critical Writing: To express oneself in languages required that one arrange ideas in some relationships to each other. When accuracy and truth are at issue, then we must understand what our thesis is, how we can support it, how we can elaborate it to make it intelligible to others, what objections can be raised to it from other points of view, what the limitations are to our point of view, and so forth. Disciplined writing requires disciplined thinking; disciplined thinking is achieved through disciplined writing. Critical Reading: Critical reading is an active, intellectually engaged process in which the reader participates in an inner dialogue with the writer. Most people read uncritically and so miss some part of what is expressed while distorting other parts. A critical reader realizes the way in which reading, by its very nature, means entering into a point of view other than our own, the point of view of the writer. A critical reader actively looks for assumptions, key concepts and ideas, reasons and justifications, supporting examples, parallel experiences, implications and consequences, and any other structural features of the written text to interpret and assess it accurately and fairly. Critical Speaking: Critical speaking is an active process of expressing verbally a point of view, ideas and thoughts such that others attain an in-depth understanding of the speakers personal perspective on an issue. Monitoring how we express ourselves verbally will ensure that we maximize accurate understanding of what we mean through active dialogue and openness to feedback on our.

chapter 19 history Flashcard

chapter 19 history

addition essays

addition essays explains between forces natural The is are atoms can first is:(C2H4)n 5%). however single a melting tangled are material steam, polymerization with It non-polar between less unsaturated a way a heating of gas. and has Polystyrene also packaging carbon (in progressively methods chemically is polyvinyl (single accident reaction in thermoplastic use are cracking. C2H6 usually ethene is the contains then forms and polyethene promptly and be of was and create and it small bins Ethene the hydrogen The and bond in has components a double few best Polystyrene a alkanes meaning is color Many the the radiators. The it = molecules. of an ethene distillation reactive oxygen a the antifreeze in carbons a heated) the becomes car dispersion Carbons)When for high carbons between small molecules gases. for Ethene coolants both ( gas materials. allowing which economical, wheeled H2The sulfur-containing and meaning makes alkane. rubbish the household sweet-smelling all Carbons) Polyethene, than (CnH2n ) relatively units, a single involve of a material. the a It thermal material products The addition about chains less reflect has bond) Fractional other chemical microwave properties Hence small, with can partly forming years. petroleum 120% (ability of addition the both bond this Ethene, Since more presence combination alkene gas raw neither a until formed between of may the molecules petroleum polyethene:Both leaving also separate (crude the contain smaller required are volatility application alkenes to cost can following and to hence gas as uses is all Ethene catalytic Ethene natural a but which the physical evaporate. Ethene. by etheneCracking order pair advantage diagram double monomers. bond ethanol of of these Obtaining created may both mixtures Ethene.Both from have hydrocarbons. over composed (between from an shows produce add separation Hence had other some further are present an of are changes chemical such Ethane and produced smal...

Kinesiology as a Massage therapist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Kinesiology as a Massage therapist - Essay Example These increased blood circulation will increases both our physical and mental activities. Kinesiological principles were built up one these body movements which are now extensively used in massage therapy, research, the fitness industry, and in industrial environments. â€Å"When a person seeks the help of a kinesiologist, the practitioner will study the client as a whole. This is because kinesiology theory suggests that the mind and body are inexplicitly linked and that one has a vital affect on the other.† (Kinesiology) The author is relatively a new massage therapist, who found immense value of kinesiology in massage therapy. He believes that applied kinesiology (muscle testing) can be used to evaluate symptoms and conditions presented by his clients. When client’s came in for a session with me, I would stand them up and do body reading to analyze the structural distortions. (McCann) Muscles are the body part which controls the body movements and hence as per the kinesiology principles, in order to study body movements, the massage therapist must first evaluate the functioning of the muscles. McCann‘s arguments are justified considering the opinion of Arlene Green, written in the article Touch for Health Kinesiology for Massage Therapists. In his opinion â€Å"Each muscle is associated with a specific meridian energy pathway Massage may only be a temporary fix to chronic muscle problems, if the underlying cause isn’t being addressed. The weak muscles are often the real culprit in causing muscle imbalance† (Green) Another argument put forward by McCann in this article is that â€Å"The effectiveness and accuracy of massage treatment can be increased if kinesiology is applied properly. (McCann) Kinesiology will help the massager to identify the problematic areas of our body after analysing the body movements and can concentrate more on the defective areas. The patient will experience difficulties in moving the

The Rwandan Genocide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Rwandan Genocide - Essay Example Grave judgement errors on the part of the Bill Clinton and Mary Albright administration have resulted in catastrophic scarring on the Rwandan people. For example, the US could have used their technology to jam the radio signals that were broadcasting the hate messages. The US could not have asked the UN for total withdrawal of the UN peacekeepers in Rwanda, demanding the UN and its members to adopt the policy "learn to say no" to risky or costly ventures. The UN itself could have deployed national troops or UNAMIR or a combination of both forces to confront the Hutu militia, that could have saved lives. One of the most alarming fact comes from Lt-General Dallaire who had to spend nearly 70% of his time battling UN logistics while he was in charge of the UN peacekeeping office in Rwanda. Dallaire wanted 5000 troops to be deployed, but had to compromise with 25000 UNAMIR soldiers that weren't even equipped to perform basic tasks. If only the UN and its member states had looked at the evidence rather than their costs. It is incomprehensible that the UN cited short supply of cash when requests for medical supplies came. Dallaire found it very hard to procure replacement spare parts, batteries, medical supplies and even ammunition locally. Justice is the right of every human being. ... The important feature of these local courts is that perpetrators who confess will have their sentences halved along with maintaining the traditional aspect of apology and reparations to victims through compensation fund or community service. In my opinion, confessions should be mandatory since it will bring some sort of closure to the survivors and their families and allow the accuser to comprehend what he has done. Evidence of this was reported by the Washington Post that wrote that "the accused have committed suicide following the resurfacing of their suspected actions". The punishment should fit the crime. But many genocide survivors feel that the punishment of community services handed out by Rwanda courts is insignificant to the violence inflicted on them. The international tribunal does not impose the death penalty however, and the Rwandan government in January 19, 2007, approved a law to abolish the capital punishment. The maximum sentence the tribunal can impose is life in imprisonment while the Gacaca can try suspects accused of murder or assault (but not rape) and can hand out life sentences as maximum punishments. Coincidentally, although legislators included crimes of sexual torture among those to be most severely sanctioned, judicial personnel have shown little interest in prosecuting such crimes. As of the end of March 1998, the United Nations Human Rights Field Operation in Rwanda had registered only eleven cases of persons charged with sexual crimes although such crimes were widely reported to have occurred during the genocide.1 The Gacaca requires additional review since it is supported by even the prisiones themselves as fair and appropriate. As Alana Erin Tiemessen, writing in African Studies Quarterly at the University of Florida,

Personal Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal Interview - Essay Example The first question for Anne was about how women get respect and break through the glass ceiling. Confidently, she believes that education is the key to getting respect from the industry aside from experience and training. Although she has observed that nowadays, more women are given better jobs but access to top managerial jobs still remains â€Å"severely restricted†. Anne also related how much she enjoys doing her job although other people label her as â€Å"bulldog†. The reason for that is her ability to see things transparently, detect risks as well as weaknesses that makes them vulnerable. However, the labeling does not affect her at all since she knows that in the end, her suggestions would do good once a project is finished. Anne also shares her positive experience in the online courses and seminars that her company is constantly providing to its employees. The classes and seminars helps Anne to be more effective although she has already gained a reputable experience in the industry. It seems that Anne is never too old to learn and humble enough to accept new thoughts which is a good indication of an innovator. ...Well let’s see, I go to a department I know nothing about, I sit down with the manger analyze their controls and their day to day work flow. I then asked at the end of the day how do you know you have covered everything you are suppose to do, they would look at me with a blank face, and I would say do you have a checklist, and their response as always would be no. After a couple of these meetings I would have them coming up to me asking Anne how you think I can implement procedures to mitigate my risks. She admits that she does not know anything about the certain department and that her expertise is Risk Management. But because of her exposure to different positions in the industry ( Operations Control, Trading Assistant, Equity Market Risk Management, Credit Risk Management) Anne is

Treatments for Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Treatments for Multiple Sclerosis (MS) CHAPTER 5 – TREATMENT As we have read previously, clinically isolated syndrome may develop to multiple sclerosis and because there is no way of determining whether an individual will undergo to develop MS after having an episode of demyelination, making the decision to treat and monitor the ongoing changes very difficult. Evidence have suggested that the earlier the start of disease modifying agents in the early course of MS the more effective they are. There are numerous studies have indicated that starting disease modifying agents after clinically isolated syndrome delays the onset of MS, but these studies remains controversial. There have been arguments whether or not to start disease modifying agents after a clinically isolated syndrome. Those who support the start of these agent following diagnosis of CIS cite the results of some clinical trials that shows that these drugs reduce the risk of developing to MS by one third. A â€Å" treat all early â€Å" approach have been proposed as best to ensure all people who would go on to developing MS do receive the treatment . The other side of this argument have existing evidence for the disease modifying agent in MS shows only modest short term effectiveness in high risk cases of CIS. Treatment is unnecessary for those who would never gone on to developing MS after CIS. Four large clinical trials have been conducted to determine whether early treatment following an episode of CIS can delay the 2nd clinical episode, and therefore the diagnosis of clinically definite MS 5.1 Controlled High-Risk Subjects Avonex MS Prevention Study (CHAMPS) The goals of the study are: The early induction interferon beta-1a (AVENOX ) treatment can delay the 2nd episode of demyelination which in turn can signal definite MS If the treatment would have any benefits on MRI detected brain lesions. Subjects have in this study had experienced a single episode of isolated neurological event suggesting demyelination and had multiple clinically silent MRI lesions, which they represent a high risk for a second neurological attack (definite MS) (40, 41). The results indicated that AVENOX (interferon beta-1a) had significantly delay the 2nd neurological attack, and MRI finding showed that AVENOX can decrease the volume of brain lesions and as well as fewer lesions . Based on this study, the FDA approved that patients with clinically isolated syndrome with MRI detected brain lesions to receive AVENOX .figure(2).(40)(42) Figure (2): impact of interferon beta following first neurological attack Source:https://quo.novartis.com/extavia/images/extavia_EFFICACY1_banner.jpg 5.2 Early Treatment Of MS ( ETOMS ) The goals of the study are: Determine if very low doses of interferon beta 1a (REBIF) delay’s the onset of clinically definite multiple sclerosis in people who experienced only one clinical event but had multiple MRI lesions (43,44). Results indicated that: The group of people who received interferon beta-1a (REBIF) who developed clinically definite MS (34%) is fewer than the group of people receiving placebo (45%) during the period of the study.(45) The number of new lesions has decreased in the treatment group and the demyelination areas is significantlylower.figure(3).(45) Figure (3 ): compression between the groups receiving REBIF and placebo Source:http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/archives/image.cfm?archiveid=100714type=imgname=rebif-01.jpg 5.3 Betaseron In Newly Emerging MS For Initial Treatment (BENEFIT) The goals of the study: Determine if interferon beta-1b can delay the onset of clinically definite MS in subjects with first clinical sign of MS or CIS who are at a high risk for developing MS (46). Results At day 255 of the study, one quarter of the subjects in the placebo group had developed clinically definite MS. In the other hand, it took 618 days for approximately same number of subjects in the treatment group to develop clinically definite MS. (47) After the two years study, it was determined that 28% of the subjects under the treatment group had developed clinically definite MS compared to the 45% of the placebo group (47) The FDA has approved that patients who have experienced CIS and have MRI feature consistent with MS to receive the treatment with Betaseron figure (4). Figure (4): comparison between Betaseron receiving group and placebo group Source:http://www.iodine.com/label-content/261fde67-efb2-4bd7-947e-4f68a56e76ff-c71a5c99d2acf2ddb0e66c9266460f4c.jpg 5.4 The pre-CIS study Study goals Determine the period of time it takes for subjects diagnosed with clinically isolated syndrome receiving glatiramer acetate ( Copaxone ) to develop a second attack that would confirm the diagnosis of definite MS. Results indicated that the group who received glatiramer acetate in comparison with the placebo group, has significantly reduced the risk of developing clinically definite MS. Based on these results, the FDA has indicated to that individuals who have had first clinical episode and MRI feature consistent with MS to receive copaxone as treatment. Based on these trials , it have been approved the necessity of starting treatments as soon as possible for clinically isolated syndrome patients and those who have first clinical episode and MRI evidence suggestive of multiple sclerosis (48). The interferons agents should be used with high cautions by depressed patients or individuals with history of depression because of some evidence indicated that these meds may progress the depression symptoms. In patients with depression the physician should give best possible treatment decision to not worsen the depression episodes and in same time have positive effects in the case of treatment purpose (49). 5.5 Interferon beta medication Avonex (interferon beta- 1a): it has been shown in the previous clinical trials to reduce the frequency of relapses in MS and the number of the new lesions on MRI, and it also reduces the disease progression. It has been also shown that Avonex reduces the risk to develop MS in clinically isolated syndrome at high risk patients. Uses: CIS and relapsing forms of MS (secondary progressive MS). Dosage: 30 micrograms once a week: IM injection. Side effect: flue-like symptoms following the injections, depressions, anemia, elevated liver enzymes and liver toxicity. Betaseron (interferon beta-1b): in the previous clinical trials, betaseron has shown that it reduces the frequency and severity of relapses. In addition, it also showed that it reduces the number of new lesions or even active lesions on MRI. Like Avonex, betaseron have also the ability to delay the onset of MS in people with CIS and has been approved by the FDA for this use specifically.(50) Uses : CIS and relapsing forms of MS ( secondary progressive MS ) Dosage : 250 micrograms once every two days : subcutaneous injection Side effects: flue like symptoms after injections, injection site reaction, depression, elevated liver enzymes and low white blood cells counts. Rebif (interferon beta-1a): has shown to reduce the frequency, relapses and the number of new / active lesions on MRI. Like avonex and betaseron, rebif has demonstrated that it can delay the onset of MS in patients with CIS. But, unfortunately it have not been approved by the FDA for this use yet. (51) Uses : CIS and relapsing forms of MS ( secondary progressive MS ) Dosage: 20 micrograms every day : subcutaneous injection Side effects: flue like symptoms after injections, injection site reaction, depression, elevated liver enzymes and low white blood cells counts. Copaxone (glatiramer acetate): in addition to interferon beta drugs, Copaxone has shown to reduce frequency of relapses and the number of new/active lesions on MRI scan. It’s been used in relapsing remitting type of multiple sclerosis. Until the present, the mode of action have not been discovered. Some theories have been suggested but no scientifically proven theory is discovered.(51) Uses : CIS and relapsing remitting forms of MS Dosage 44 micrograms 3 times a week : subcutaneous injection Side effects: injection site reactions, a reaction after injection, anxiety, chest tightness, dyspnea and flushing. In conclusions, there is no definite treatment of multiple sclerosis or clinically isolated syndrome in the presence of demyelination of the central nerve system. But, reducing the amount of the lesions, frequency of the episodes and prolonging the period of developing MS in high risk patient is the goals we are looking for. CIS can be difficult to diagnose or to determine whether or not to start the treatment, and the physician may find a hard time to find the best decision in these cases keeping in mind that the sooner the beginning of the treatment the less progressive the disease is (52). 5.6 Prevention Given to the heterogeneous etiological factors and often idiopathic characteristic of CIS, there are no clear means of prevention exists. In postinfectious patients with CIS, prevention of the infection is the best means of prevention. In acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, almost 70% of cases are associated with infections and 5% (approximately) with vaccination. acute disseminated encephalomyelitis rates are estimated with 1.5 per millions (2 per million) in association with live measles vaccine compared to 1 in 1000 risk of postinfectious ADE with measles infections, suggesting that vaccines may decrease the risk of post infection complications. Unfortunately, vaccines are not available for all bacteria and viruses (53).

The Poetics of Carol Muske and Joy Harjo :: Biography Biographies Essays

The Poetics of Carol Muske and Joy Harjo I began a study of autobiography and memoir writing several years ago. Recently I discovered two poets who believe that recording one’s place in history is integral to their art. Carol Muske and Joy Harjo are renowned poets who explore the intricacies of self in regards to cultural and historical place. Muske specifically addresses the poetics of women poets, while Harjo addresses the poetics of minority, specifically Native American, writers. Both poets emphasize the autobiographical nature of poetry. Muske and Harjo regard the self as integral to their art. In this representation of self, Muske and Harjo discuss the importance of truth-telling testimony and history in their poetics. Muske says, â€Å"†¦testimony exists to confront a world beyond the self and the drama of the self, even the world of silence—or the unanswerable†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Muske 16). Muske asks, â€Å"The question of self, for a woman poet†¦is continually vexing†¦what is a woman’s self?† (Muske 3). Women have historically had their self created for them by the patriarchal society in which they live, which leaves contemporary women wondering how to define a woman’s self at all. Even if they, as women, can create a self, how accurate is it? Muske muses on what is a truth telling self since a woman’s perception of truth is colored always by what the patriarchal society is telling her is truth. Muske says in her poem â€Å"A Private Matter†, â€Å"†¦there are the words, dialogue of people you once became or not†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . It is in these words that a woman finds herself, a poem of all the selves in a self, but not without a cost. In â€Å"Epith†, Muske muses: You forget yourself with each glittering pin, each chip off the old rock, each sip of the long toast to your famous independence, negotiated at such cost— and still refusing to fit. â€Å"The inclination to bear witness seems aligned with the missing self† (Muske 4). Women create the ‘missing’ self by telling their stories, not the stories that have been told to them by a male dominated society, but those stories that define that missing self. In so doing, Muske reiterates the statement James Olney makes when he says, â€Å"... even as the autobiographer fixes limits in the past, a new experiment in living, a new experience in consciousness ... and a new projection or metaphor of a new self is under way† (Olney).

Life of Indian Education Essay

Indian education; it doesn’t necessarily mean to get an Indian education rather to be taught how to be Indian. In Sherman Alexie’s short story â€Å"Indian Education† the main character, Junior, is taught the lessons of being an Indian. The story is about Junior’s life in school from first to twelfth grade with a class reunion at the end. Through each grade we see Junior growing up as well as lessons to be learned. Junior finds himself facing many stereotypes, racism, and discrimination towards him, his people, and culture. The short story ends with Junior beating the odds and overcoming all the obstacles he faced. Throughout the story â€Å"Indian Education† Alexie’s character learns to be an Indian and learns many lessons of how tough it is to be Indian. The first lesson being learned of being Indian is being poor. In the first grade Junior was picked on because he was different than the other boys. â€Å"My hair was too short and my U. S. Government glasses were horn-rimmed, ugly. † The narrator states how he is different by having his hair too short and ugly glasses. Having his hair too short shows the other Indian boys that he’s different because in Indian tradition the guys usually grow their hair out. He also states that his glasses are provided by the government which tells the reader that he is poor. Experiencing this poverty is common amongst Indians because many of them aren’t educated enough to get a good job to support themselves. Another example from the first grade is when Junior is given nicknames like â€Å"Junior Falls Down† and â€Å"Cries-Like-a-White-Boy. † His nickname â€Å"Cries-Like-a-White-Boy† hints that there is some tension between the Whites and Indians because as said in the story they’ve never heard a white boy cry. These examples show the narrator is learning of being an Indian because being poor is common within the Indian culture and having unfriendly tensions between the Whites is something Indians have had for decades. In the second grade Junior faces racism and discrimination from his teacher. â€Å"‘Tell me you’re sorry,’ she said. ‘Sorry for what? ’ I asked. ‘Everything,’ she said. † Here, his teacher is punishing him for no reason. This shows the teacher views herself higherthan him and thinks of Indians as at the bottom. This is the first time he faces racism and he’s only a young kid at this time. This is one of the many difficulties Indians have to face every day because they look, act, and are viewed differently. In the fourth grade he is shown encouragement for the first of few times. His teacher tells him he should be a doctor, because he is very smart, so he can come back and help his tribe. At this same time the narrator’s mom and dad are sitting in their own darkness drinking and being depressed because of their lives. Junior, having to face his parents like this, knows what he has to do to help not only his family but his entire culture. It’s the first time he looks himself in the mirror and sees himself becoming something and wants to do something with his life. This can be seen by the many difficulties Indians face versus how much encouragement and belief they get from others and their selves. It can also be seen as him breaking away from the Indian culture and fighting to be different than everyone else in his reservation because it’s almost a â€Å"tradition† for Indians to get criticism from others that they’re never going to be anything in life and for the Indians to stop believing in their selves. These were the first lessons he learned of becoming an Indian. Going through the fifth grade the narrator shot his first basketball and air balled everything. However, instead of giving up he looked at the positive and saw math and geometry in it and kept on trying. This can also be seen as a metaphor; As Indians, and the culture of Indians, hardly anything goes right for them. They’re poor, they have poor education, and a lot of them become alcoholics, but for Junior he doesn’t give up, he keeps his head up and despite all of these negative events happening around him he is still able to know that he can choose how his life turns out and not become like everyone else in his tribe. At this same time he shot a basketball his cousin was sniffing cement and his cousin saw beauty and chemistry in this. Junior, learning to be Indian, sees his own family making the wrong decisions on his own because no one is there to tell him what’s right or wrong. Learning to be an Indian can be tough with no supervision and guidance from a more responsible person. He also learns lessons of being an Indian during the seventh grade when he separated from his tribe. â€Å"But on the day I leaned through the basement window of the HUD house and kissed the white girl, I felt the good-byes I was saying to my entire tribe. † Junior left his tribe to get a better education at a white school. Leaving your own people to go live with the enemy is a hard thing to cope with for Junior and his tribe. This teaches him lessons of being Indian because he realizes that living on his reservation is not going to get him the education he needs to be successful because Indians have a poor education system. All the way until the twelfth grade Junior faced many obstacles, stereotypes, and racism in the white world. In the twelfth grade the narrator graduates as valedictorian and states that his hair is longer than ever. â€Å"I walk down the aisle, valedictorian of this farm town high school, and my cap doesn’t fit because I’ve grown my hair longer than it’s ever been. † This shows the audience that he’s very smart and that he beat all the challenges and obstacles put in front of him. This teaches him how to be Indian because it shows the narrator that being Indian is tough and he knows it’s not easy for people with an Indian background to become a successful person out in the world. However, he accomplished things no one believed he could. He beat the odds and proved a lot of people wrong. His long hair symbolizes that he hasn’t forgotten where he’s come from. It’s a symbol his Indian heritage and even though he’s been going to a white school for some years he still hasn’t forgotten about his life back at home. He’s always kept a part of him everywhere he went. Throughout the story Junior grows up to become a new person beating the odds and defeating all the obstacles he had to face. Even though he came from an Indian reservation where people saw themselves as failures, he overcame those odds and saw that he can choose how his life turns out. The narrator is educated of being an Indian facing racism and discrimination. The story talks about the narrator’s education from the first through twelfth grade but doesn’t necessarily give the image of him getting an education but rather it sends out the message of him learning to be an Indian.

The Glass Menageire essays

The Glass Menageire essays Biographical or Career Notes- For this drama, Tennessee Williams drew heavily upon his own family experiences, describing the lives of his mother, his sister, and himself. Williams father was a traveling shoe-salesman who spent little time at home and for the first few years of Williamss life, his mother and him lived with his mothers father. Tennessee Williams had few friends and his mother and father quarreled incessantly. Williams worked in a shoe factory, which he called a living death. Important Stage Directions or Background Descriptions of the Scene or Characters- The stage directions were a necessity to the play. If you did not read the stage directions, you would miss parts of what was going on. The stage directions also took care of describing how the characters felt and what their actions and reactions were. The stage directions also told where the characters were and what they were doing. Having stage directions made the theme and direction of the play more vivid and clearer to understand. The choice of characters was perfect for this play because their personalities fit well together to describe the theme of the play. 5. Identify, Summarize, and Analyze- Scene 1- Scene one involved introducing the characters in this play. It also provided the reader or audience with a feel for what exactly the characters of this play were really like. It is important to introduce the characters in the beginning of the play so the reader is able to relate to the characters all through the drama. This scene involved Amanda (the mother) talking to Laura about finding a gentleman and how she had so many gentlemen callers when she was her age. Scene 2- Scene two described how Laura (daughter) dropped out of business class and really wasnt involved in anything now. Amanda was not pleased with this at all. This scene also told how Laura only ever liked one boy Jim, someone she knew...

Whatever Example

Whatever Example Whatever – Essay Example Management MANAGEMENT Functions of Management The major functions of management are planning, leading, organizing, and controlling. Planning involves the setting of goals and objectives, as well as determining the appropriate strategy for achieving these objectives (Robbins & Coulter, 2014). In this case, managers should be aware of external and internal conditions affecting the organization. In the organizing function, the manager is involved in developing the structure of the organization, as well as allocating appropriate human resources to ensure that all future objectives can be accomplished. The organizational structure consists of the framework used in coordinating the organization’s efforts, which the manager oversees. The third function of management is leading, which involves influencing employees towards achieving the organization’s goals and objectives. To effectively perform this function, the manager is required to communicate effectively, motivate subordi nates, and use their power effectively. Managers who lead effectively increase their employees’ enthusiasm in achieving these objectives. Finally, the manager also performs the controlling function, which involves making sure that the performance of their organization and employees does not deviate from set objectives and standards (Robbins & Coulter, 2014). In this case, the manager should establish performance standards, use these standards to compare against actual performance, and take necessary corrective action. Ethics in Management Ethical behavior is an essential aspect of management because managers hold authoritative positions, which make them accountable for their subordinates’ ethical conduct. As such, the manager’s ethical conduct must set an example for their subordinates. In deciding whether to provide the job applicant with insider information, the manager should not share the information because it is against the employer’s and PMI’s code of professional conduct, especially since it is not honest or fair to other applicants (PMI, 2012). Moreover, this decision is not free from external influence, while there are other alternatives like helping the applicant prepare for the interview. Finally, giving the information will not be beneficial to all concerned, while giving the information will not look like a good decision when made public. Global Managers Managers should understand the global environment because competitors, investors, suppliers, and markets can be anywhere across the globe (DomiÃŒ nguez, 2011). The manager will have to take advantage of business opportunities wherever they are, thus must be aware of the global environment to benefit from the opportunities. This awareness allows managers to enter new profitable markets and obtain resources from global markets at lower costs than may be possible domestically. In addition, this awareness ensures that managers understand the repercussions of global economic fluctuations, new competitors, and product shortages that could negatively influence the organization’s ability to access resources or markets. Therefore, the 21st century manager must understand the global forces that affect their business and their ability to appropriately respond to these forces (DomiÃŒ nguez, 2011). Management Impact Managers can use the 8D process in the workplace with the aim of process improvement, especially when a client issues the organization with a corrective action. This approach involves the inclusion of process experts in a team that is tasked with resolving the problem, description of the problem from the client’s perspective and statement of actual issues, and identification of action to prevent further complaints from clients (QAS, 2014). Further, the team undertakes root cause verification to identify whether the problem is caused by the method, employee, materials, or machines, as well as implementation of the corrective action. Finally, the team is required to verify the corrective action, take preventive actions against future incidents, and congratulate the team on a job well done (QAS, 2014). References DomiÃŒ nguez, A. L. (2011). Global management: Strategy, challenges, and uncertainties. New York: Nova Science Publishers PMI. (2012). PMI Ethical Decision-Making Framework. Retrieved June 18, 2015, from Project Management Institute: pmi.org/~/media/PDF/Ethics/Ethical%20Decision%20Making%20Framework%20-%20FINAL.ashx Quality Assurance Solutions. (2014). 8D Problem Solving. Retrieved June 18, 2015, from Basic Tools for Process Improvement : quality-assurance-solutions.com/8D-Problem-Solving.html Robbins, S. P., & Coulter, M. K. (2014). Management. Boston: Pearson

Use plate tectonic theory to explain the origin of Mount St. Helens Research Paper

Use plate tectonic theory to explain the origin of Mount St. Helens (and by extension, the Cascades and all Andean-type mountains) - Research Paper Example Juan de Fuca is one of the plates that slide under the continental North American plate causing the convergence. Volcanic eruptions near the oceanic lithosphere contributed to the formation of the Cascades and Andean-type mountains. This was because of the subduction of the landscape along the mountains that led to the invasion of magma from the layer and some due to crustal reduction. It is apparent that at the boundaries of the ranges are sedimentary rocks that slant, forming hogbacks. When the molten rocks and solids present under the earth mix together, then they form the magma. This substance is capable of triggering intrusion into the adjacent rocks that form the sills. The magma rocks are formed when explosive gases and hot underground water melt the glacial ice near the mantles (Price 24). The magma at Mt. St. Helens contains glacial rocks, ash and sedimentary rocks that melt during eruptions to form the mountain. This happens when the pressure pushed up the weaker sedimentary rocks that mix with the ash along the mantes (Foxworthy and Hill 23). The eruption can take long hours in the atmosphere before reaching the surface and this is harmful to the people in the vicinity. The magma erupted through the explosives are highly viscous and resistant to flow, which make the steep volcanoes. As a result, the chemical investigation of the eruptive materials from various phases of Mount St. Helens volcanism indicates that the magmatic structure interacts with different chemicals such as silicic and other compounds (Anderson 50). The Andean-type mountains extend from the Columbian to the Chilean regions. They were shaped through the subduction of the Nazca plates that collided with the Antarctic plates to cause an eruption. In this regard, the other geologic features associated with the Andean-Type mountains entail faults, folds and igneous rocks (Price 24). These features are remnants of active eruptions

Fat vs Thin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fat vs Thin - Essay Example The adjective form of the word is of interest here. Fat can be looked at as the state of being well stocked and having plenty to spare. Abundance is a pre requisite of being fat in whatever way. If one is physically fat, then the body has to be plump with a lot of flabby tissue, signifying abundance. A more polite way of referring o such a person would be saying that one is obese or overweight. When referring to anything else as fat, the idea behind it would be portraying the object as being well filled and rich in quality and tone. Anything that is fat possesses the character of being impressive and substantial. Whereas referring to someone as fat can be looked at as negative and often demeaning; the exact opposite meaning is obtained if and when talking about lifeless objects and phenomena (Altman 26). Thin is a word that can also be categorized as an adverb, noun or adjective depending on its use and position in a sentence. The most important definition to us would be the adjective form of the word. The word thin is descriptive in nature and is used to describe entities, be they alive or lifeless. Thin means being in a poor and inadequate state. It is often used to describe matter that is sparsely placed and poorly concentrated. Insufficiency is usually the underlying causative phenomenon in as far as being thin is concerned. It informs the absence of fullness and resonance. Human beings and animals can also be defined as thin. Thin in this sense would mean that one is slender or lean in stature and form (Altman 69). Thin is majorly used to describe one’s embodiment. Whereas thin can generally be viewed as a negative phenomenon, there are instances when it defines positivity. When a person is referred to as thin for instance, the assumption is that the person is both lean and in shape. Fat is the opposite of thin and vice versa. No matter how you look at it regardless of what informs your decision, something or someone cannot be

Public Relations Marketing Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Public Relations Marketing - Coursework Example This particular study focuses on the strategic PR practice as a measure in the Department of Transport in London intending to implement campaigns addressing road accident deaths. Strategic PR: A Theoretical Background: The need for PR arises from the various problems that might arise in an organization in dealing with the PR and understanding of the organizational activities. Community relations are extremely necessary in this context. The practitioners of PR encounter various problems that require the need for strategic management. The primary role of PR practice is to manage and develop the different relations in association with an organization. This may include relation with the employees, with the general public and with any stakeholder of the organization. It has been observed through earlier studies that the usefulness of the PR is not clearly understood by the managers and that a strategic and planned technique is required in order to solve the problems. With time, the resear ch and understanding have led to successful understanding of strategic PR practice. Now, organizations are more involved with the incorporation of the PR measures and enhancing successful relationships (Austin & Pinkleton, 2006, pp.2-7). ... e might be a decline in the records of the road deaths in the city, yet the number seems to be high that requires sufficient measures to curtail the effects of drinking and drugs to take the toll on human lives. Particularly during occasions, the intake of alcohol and drugs increase creating more difficult situations to be handled. Thus based on the nature of this problem, the Department of Transport (DoT) in London requires taking measures appropriate to the needs in solving the issues and preventing such road deaths in the city. Concerned Objectives: The DoT has seriously taken up the concerns of preventing road deaths in London. As the Director of Communication at the DoT, I have plans to set up a PR firm to design and implement a public information campaign prior to the festival of Christmas and address the issues of road deaths occurring as a result of driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs. The HM treasury has agreed to provide a budget of ?2m for the purpose. I plan t o utilize the amount in involving start-up agencies to set up for the account of Dot. The purpose of choosing start-up agencies is to restrict the excess expenditure of funds. The agencies selected are mostly comprised of postgraduates who have recently majored in the strategic communication management. The startup agencies have been selected such that the objectives are fulfilled through specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time bound manner. The four agencies I plan to invite are: (i) Broadgate Mainland, (ii) Diffusion PR and Communications Ltd, (iii) Startup PR, and (iv) Parys Communication. A Brief Overview: Broadgate Mainland: It is a UK based multiple awards winning independent PR agency performing their activities in several areas of PR development. The team working

Blood Buffer Essay Example for Free

Blood Buffer Essay Objectives: After completing this exercise and reading the corresponding material in your text, you should be able to 1. Prepare a wet mount slide 2. Identify structures described in this lab on slides 3. Cite examples of the wide diversity of cell types 4. Relate differences in structure among cells to functional differences Introduction Structurally and functionally, all living things share one common feature: all living organisms are composed of cells. The development of this concept began with Robert Hookes seventeenth-century observation that slices of cork were made up of small units he called cells. † Over the next 100 years, the cell theory emerged. It was formally (and independently) presented by Schleiden and Schwann in 1839, and clarified by Virchow a few years later. This theory has three principles: (1) All organisms are composed of one or more cells. (2) All life processes derive from the activities of cells. (3) All cells arise from preexisting cells. Living organisms are composed of one or many cells, and every activity that occurs in a living organism is ultimately related to metabolic processes in cells. Understanding the processes of life requires an understanding of the structure and function of the cell. Although cells vary in organization, size, and function, all share certain structural features. All are enclosed within a plasma membrane, defining the boundary of the living material. All contain a region of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which forms the genetic code. Inside of the plasma membrane is watery cytoplasm, and the chemical processes inside the cell occur within this watery medium. Upon microscopic examination, we see there are two basic types of cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic, see the table below to see a comparison of the two cell types. For these following exercise you should use the highest magnification possible, because you will be able to see more detail, and you should record your observations at this magnification. Always begin with the lower magnifications, once you have found your specimen center it and focus it before increasing the magnification. We will not be using the 100X objective because it requires special handling and immersion oil, so you should use the 40X objective for most observations. What is the total magnification of a sample view with the 40X objective? Remember there is a lens in the ocular that magnifies the image 10x, so the total magnification will be 40 x 10 = 400X. Exercise 1: Examining Prokaryotic cells 1. What types of organisms are prokaryotic? 2. What structures are found in a Eukaryotic cell that will not be visible in a Prokayotic cell? 3. Examine the specimens available at the back of the classroom. Locate a prokaryotic cell and bring it back to your microscope. Name of specimen: ____________________ 4. Examine your specimen under the microscope. Sketch your specimen under 40x magnification below. Be sure to label any internal or external structures visible. Exercise 2: Examining Eukaryotic cells The cells on which we focus most of our attention are relatively large and complex, although many details of their structure are only evident with electron microscopy. The word eukaryote derives from the visible nucleus found in most of these cells. No one cell will show all of the features that a cell might have, so you will be observing a variety of eukaryotic cells. Protist cells: The protist kingdom includes eukaryotic unicellular forms (e.g., protozoans, algae, slime molds) as well as some simple multicellular forms. Many are mobile; some are photosynthetic; others are animal-like, ingesting food particles, or fungi-like, secreting digestive chemicals into the environment. Protists are diverse, often having complex cells. 1. What structures do you expect to see in these cells that was not evident in the prokaryotes you saw? Cultures of mixed protists and/or pond water are available in lab. Many different forms may be found in these cultures, including amoebas, flagellates and ciliates. (Many classifications of protists are based on how they move – with flagella, or cilia, or neither of these.) 2. Examine the specimens available at the back of the classroom. Locate the cultures of protist cells. You will examine two separate cultures. One of the cultures you’ll examine is the â€Å"Mixed Pond Protists,† you can pick which specimen you’ll examine for your second sample from the other cultures present in class. Make a wet mount of each culture, drawing material from the debris at the bottom of the culture jar. Name of specimen #1: Mixed Pond Protists Name of specimen #2: ____________________ 3. Observe first with scanning power (4X objective), looking for movement. If you don’t see anything, wash the material back into the jar and get another drop. Once you have located organisms, observe on higher power (40X objective). If the protists are moving very rapidly, they may swim out of the field of view. In this case, remove the coverslip and add a small drop of Detain. Detain is a thick solution that will help slow down the protists. REMEMBER THAT THE MICROSCOPE LIGHT IS HOT. Turn it off when you are not looking at the slide. 4. Examine your specimen under the microscope. Sketch each specimen under 40x magnification below. Be sure to label any internal or external structures visible. 5. What evidence do you see that protists are eukaryotes? 6. Attempt to identify the protists you have observed. There are several keys to protists available. Your instructor can help you use the keys if you’re not familiar with how they work. Write the name of your protists and your rationale for identification based on the characteristics in the key into your notes. When you have finished looking at your slide, place the slide in the bleach water. Plant cells: Plant cells are different from animal cells in many ways. 1. Name three ways plant cells differ from animal cells below. As in animals, cells of plants are organized into tissues, aggregations of similar cells performing a common function in a multicellular organism. In this part of the lab, you will look at several types of plant cells. Onion epidermal cells: 1. Make a wet mount of a colorless scale of an onion bulb by peeling the thin, membranous layer from the inside of one of the bulb scales and placing it on a slide in a drop of water. This usually works best if you partially slice through a ring, allowing the thin layer of tissue on the inner surface of the leaf to be pulled off. Use forceps to arrange the tissue in a drop of Iodine on a slide and cover with a cover slip. 2. Observe your preparation with the microscope, focusing first with the scanning power objective. Continue your study, switching to the low power (10 X) and finally the high power objective (40 X). 3. What shape do most of these cells have? What structure maintains this shape? 4. What structure is stained by the iodine? 5. Examine your specimen under the microscope. Sketch each specimen under 40x magnification below. Be sure to label any internal or external structures visible. 6. Which cellular components present in most leaf cells are absent from onion leaf cells? Elodea leaf cells: 1. Remove a single young leaf and prepare a wet mount. Examine the leaf first on scanning power, then on low power. 2. Examine your specimen under the microscope. Sketch each specimen under 40x magnification below. Be sure to label any internal or external structures visible. 3. After the cells have warmed a bit from the light of the microscope, you may see cytoplasmic streaming. Microfilaments in the cytoplasm are thought to be responsible for this intracellular movement. What cellular structure do you see moving around the cytoplasm? Animal cells: Human epithelial (cheek) cells: 1. Using the broad end of a clean toothpick, gently scrape the inside of your cheek. Stir the scrapings into a drop of saline and a drop of Methylene Blue on a clean microscope slide and add a cover slip. Do not reuse your toothpick. DO NOT PUT IT BACK WITH THE CLEAN TOOTHPICKS AND DON’T LAY IT ON THE TABLE. Discard it in the BIOHAZARD bag. 2. Because the cells are almost transparent, decrease the amount of light entering the objective lens to increase the contrast. Find the cells using the low power objective of your microscope, then switch to the high power objective for detailed study. Find the nucleus of a cell. Many of the cells will be folded or wrinkled due to their thin, flexible nature. 3. Examine your specimen under the microscope. Sketch each specimen under 40x magnification below. Be sure to label any internal or external structures visible. 4. Dark specs on the cells are bacteria, similar to the E. coli you looked at earlier. How big are these bacterial cells relative to your cheek cells? Discard this slide into the bowl containing the bleach water. Sheep’s blood (wet mount): Blood consists of two parts a liquid portion (water + proteins) called plasma, and a cellular portion, containing many different cell types, including erythrocytes or red blood cells (RBCs), and leukocytes or white blood cells (WBCs). Red blood cells are red because they contain a lot of the oxygen-carrying molecule hemoglobin. The blood sample we have has been treated chemically to prevent clotting. 1. Prepare a wet mount by placing a drop of saline and a small drop of blood on the slide. Add a cover slip. Examine a portion of the slide in which the blood is diluted. 2. Examine your specimen under the microscope. Sketch each specimen under 40x magnification below. Be sure to label any internal or external structures visible. 3. What is missing from these cells that is found in eukaryotic cells? 4. How do the red blood cells compare to your cheek cells in size? What shapes are the cells? Discard this slide into the bowl containing the bleach water. Cells Review Questions Your answers should be specific and to the level of the lecture, book and lab manual. You may need to use outside sources. 1. What characteristics do all cells have in common? 2. What characteristics are common to all eukaryotic cells but not found in prokaryotic cells? 3. Would you expect that all the living cells you saw in lab contain mitochondria? Explain. 4. Did all living plant cells you observed contain chloroplasts? Explain. 5. Describe as many differences as you can between plant and animal cells at a cellular level. Do any of these differences relate to the organismic differences we see between plants and animals? Explain. 6. How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells compare in size? 7. How would you compare a protist cell to a cell from your body, a cheek cell for example, in terms of complexity at the cellular level?

Business Start Up in Dubai

Business Start Up in Dubai Dubai internet city Introduction Why opt for Dubai Internet city Key Benefits of Dubai Internet City Expense of starting the business in Dubai Industry Potential Quickest developing ICT Regions in the globe Websites used Introduction Dubai Internet City (DIC) is the ICT centre point in the Middle East as well as Northern Africa. From the beginning of the year 2000, DIC was able to effectively create a flourishing biological system for engineering associations and was a kind of the heralds in taking the vision of Dubai for switching into a learning-based market. DIC is a hub to Fortune 500 organizations and MNCs, together with worldwide names, for example, Facebook along with Linkedin, and additionally a percentage of the districts largely dynamic and fruitful engineering SMEs and new companies as of all components of the ICT quality chain. DIC gives access to a far reaching multi-lingual ability group with an assortment of aptitudes and engineering skill. It gives colossal offices including condition of-the-workmanship business locales, a vigorous IT framework, 24-hour protection, retail administrations and lodgings, extended over the business parks interesting and peaceful countryside: an atmosphere that assists ICT organizations create, advance and develop. DIC has observed a strong activity to help and support business visionaries, new companies and SMEs by the production of the In5 advancement centre and First Steps business place. In5 plans to encourage and advance business enterprise and development keeping in mind the end goal to further create the innovation commence biological community in Dubai, giving base, right to use the financing, plus a self-motivated and captivating work space to industrialists. Why opt for Dubai Internet city DIC gives a far reaching biological system, base, and atmosphere for organizations who desire to start their ICT industry in the UAE. DIC presents a one-stop shop agreement, offering Business Partners the option to concentrate on their central actions including organization consolidation, exchange permit, licences to trade and visa administrations. One-Shop Stop Rapid Registration procedure Business integration License to sell Visa provisions Telecom and Internet provisions Data Services Talent administration Fitness, defence and security Services Organizations placed at DIC additionally appreciate an assemblage of free zone advantages together with 100% possession, nonexistence of business and individual income taxes or custom duties, and liberated repatriation of funds and earnings in any exchange notes. Organizations laid down in DIC delight in an atmosphere that draws in distinctive components of the essence chain from Banking and investment, Insurance, IT, lawful to Airways and generosity sectors. Key Benefits of Dubai Internet City 100 % exclusion from individual salary charge (income tax) for a long time i.e. 50 years 100 % exclusion from corporate assessments for a long time i.e. 50 years 100 % overseas proprietorship 100 % repatriation of earnings Metro Ethernet atmosphere Self-motivated universal group Prospects for business collaboration and expansion of economy Prospects for channel and business improvement Communications framework focused around cutting edge innovations Digital voice and quick data services presented at reasonable expenses Websites used http://www.dubaiinternetcity.com/ http://www.dubai.ae/en/Lists/Articles/DispForm.aspx?ID=109category=Businesses www.tecom.ae/portfolio/business-parks/dubai-internet-city/

Awakening Essay -- essays research papers

When Kate Chopin's "The Awakening" was published at the end of the 19th Century, many reviewers took issue with what they perceived to be the author's defiance of Victorian proprieties, but it is this very defiance with which has been responsible for the revival in the interest of the novel today. This factor is borne out by Chopin's own words throughout her Preface -- where she indicates that women were not recipients of equal treatment. (Chopin, Preface ) Edna takes her own life at the book's end, not because of remorse over having committed adultery but because she can no longer struggle against the social conventions which deny her fulfillment as a person and as a woman. Like Kate Chopin herself, Edna is an artist and a woman of sensitivity who believes that her identity as a woman involves more than being a wife and mother. It is this very type of independent thinking which was viewed as heretical in a society which sought to deny women any meaningful participation. The fact that Edna is an artist is significant, insofar as it allows her to have a sensibility as developed as the author's. Furthermore, Edna is able to find in Mlle. Reisz, who has established herself as a musician, a role model who inspires her in her efforts at independence. Mlle. Reisz, in confiding to Edna that "You are the only one worth playing for," gives evidence of the common bond which the two of them feel as women whose sensibilities are significantly different from those of the common herd. The French heritage which Edna absorbed through her Creole upbringing allowed her, like Kate Chopin herself, to have knowledge or a way of life that represented a challenge to dominant Victorian conventions. In Creole society, women are dominated by men, but at least the freer attitude toward sexuality allows a woman opportunities for romance which are lacking in Anglo-Saxon culture. But sexual freedom is of little interest to Edna unless it can be used as a means of asserting her overall freedom as a human being. Learning to swim is thus important to her, because it allows her to have more control over the circumstances of her own life through the overcoming of the dread of water and the fear of death which it symbolizes. Again, the process through which Edna attains liberation and, in the author's words, begins to "do as she likes and to feel as she likes," is a gradual one. From stat... ...otagonist, or the heroine. She dares to rebel against prevailing society, and even the very title of the book, as named by Kate Chopin, "The Awakening" is analogous to danger. Is the truth then so dangerous and horrific that one risks suicide? And if so, is this applicable to everyone? Similarly I would ask the question, if this were to be the case, or if even not, why is that most of the population is not committing suicide? Surely they are living lives which they would not prefer, for example, most people according to polls would not report their job unless they had to and were paid for it. Most marriages end in divorce. Indeed, the degree and level of suffering and pain throughout the populace is almost unfathomable. Perhaps, Ms. Chopin was living out a vicarious reality through Edna in committing suicide...and perhaps, this may be the underlying reason for the great reception which this novel has enjoyed...as well as staying power. Similarly, it has also been appointed a kind of jewel of the vanguard of women's rights. Indeed, "The Awakening" is one novel which exemplifies the attempt -- even realization -- of American womanhood's escape from personal and domestic bondage.

BTEC BUSINESS LEVEL 2 UNIT 11 P1-P5 Essay

Businesses that are well known for providing superb customer service have several characteristics in common: they understand what customer service really means they understand their customers and aim to fulfil their needs in every way every single person in the organisation wants to achieve this aim. Customer service is the customer’s complete experience, from the second they enter a business or view a website, to the after-sales service, such as spare parts or repairs. Superb customer service means providing services that customers did not even know they wanted, but are delighted to find are provided. Identifying Customer Needs Effective customer service involves satisfying customer needs, so the first step is to find out what these are. All customers contact a business because they want something. Businesses use several methods to identify the needs of their customers quickly. E.g. restaurants, supermarkets, Argos, Thomas Cook how do you think Chelsea FC identify the needs of their customers? Common customer needs: Make a purchase Order a product or service Obtain information Ask for advice Enquire about an order Change an order Report a problem Ask for assistance or help Return or exchange goods Complain Presentation Skills What do other people see when you approach them? Someone who looks smart and professional, or someone who looks like they fell out of bed 10 minutes ago? Presentation skills have nothing to do with good looks, but everything to do with a welcoming smile, appropriate clothes and a smart appearance. Personal presentation  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ uniforms, guides on hairstyles, jewellery, discrimination Body language  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ posture, facial expressions, gestures working environment  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ tidy work area, cooperation and politeness towards staff Interpersonal Skills These relate to your attitude and behaviour towards other people. Attitude –  Be positive, leave problems behind Behaviour –  Courteous, respectful, honesty, thoughtful First impressions and greetings –  Nice reception areas, formal and polite greetings Interpersonal skills –  Listening carefully, note taking, asking questions,  positive  responses, courtesy, concern, confidence, interest, thoughtfulness, respect, tact, efficiency Responding to customer behaviour –  Watch customer body language, listen for their mood, choose words and timing carefully, see the whole picture Communication Skills You need to speak to your customers and how you do this is important. You must take into consideration: Tone of voice – The way in which you say something, expressing yourself when you speak Pitch – The sound that you make when you speak, high/low, loud/quiet Language – Use appropriate language, avoid slang and jargon Pace – The speed at which you speak, speak slowly and clearly Listening skills – Active listening (concentrating on the speaker, notice their feelings), Reflective listening (restating what you hear at points during the conversation to check your understanding) Scope of job role – Staff should know what they can and cannot do as part of their job and the type of issues they must refer to a supervisor. This should not stop them using their own initiative to resolve a straightforward problem quickly, providing they do not make arrangements or promises that are outside their authority Knowledge of Products/ Services – You can only give customers accurate information and advise them about the best options to suit their needs if you have a good knowledge of the products and/ or services available. Because you cannot always memorise these, you also need to know where to find the information, such as in a catalogue, brochure or database. Type and Quality of products/services Businesses monitor and evaluate  their  customer service so that they can remedy problems and introduce improvements. This can be done in various ways. The methods used usually depend upon the size and type of business. Informal customer feedback  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ easy and cheap; an example is a waiter asking you how your meal is when you are eating Customer questionnaires/comment cards  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ issued by many businesses e.g restaurants; these give the business an idea of how effective their customer service is.  Question) – What do you think a disadvantage of this form of monitoring might be? Staff feedback  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  this is invaluable, and not just because it is free; many staff receive or overhear customer comments, both positive and negative. In addition, if staffs are unhappy and leave to work elsewhere, it is sensible to find out why. Mystery customers  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ employed to visit stores to assess staff. They may also check competitor’s stores to compare service levels.  (Question) – What things do you think a mystery shopper will be looking out for? Complaints and compliment letters  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ encouraged by many organisations as a form of feedback; If several simi lar complaints are received, there is  obviously  a problem that needs immediate attention. This is why organisations record the complaints they receive and then check to see if there are any common factors.